International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research

Improvement of the Quality of Tofu Pulp and Fermented Coconut Pulp of Baker's Yeast on the Content of Fiber, Fat and BETN

David A. Nguru — 2024-11-20

The purpose of the study was to determine the improvement of the quality of tofu pulp and coconut pulp fermented using baker's yeast on the content of fiber, fat and BETN to be used as an ingredient for livestock processing. Tofu pulp waste comes from a tofu factory located in Oesapa Village, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. Meanwhile, tofu pulp is the leftover product of processing coconut milk from households and stalls in the Kupang city area and its surroundings. The research method uses direct experimental methods and fermentation time duration through proximate analysis. The results of this study were tested using the t Student test with the treatment of R1 (fermented tofu pulp and coconut pulp waste for 12 hours), R2 (fermented tofu pulp and coconut pulp waste for 24 hours) and R3 (fermented tofu pulp and coconut pulp waste for 48 hours). The variables studied were changes in the nutritional content of crude fat (LK), crude fiber (SK) and fermented non-nitrogen extract (BETN). The results of the study showed that the treatment had an effect on the research variables. The conclusion of this study is that tofu pulp and coconut pulp waste fermented with bread yeast increases the nutrient content, so that it can be used as a source of animal feed.

Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Development of Cowpea

Roberta de Souza Santos — 2024-11-20

Cowpea is an important and strategic agricultural crop for Northeast of Brazil, once it combines nutritional value, climate adaptability and soil quality improvements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities on the growth and mineral nutrition of cowpea. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications e envolveu tratamentos com inoculação de FMA referências; Inoculação de Comunidades de FMA oriundas de diferentes sistemas de uso do solo; Ausência de inoculação de FMA. After 80 days of cowpea cultivation, were determined plant growth and nutrition parameters, mycorrhizal colonization of the roots and indentifications of AMF species. Results showed that the AMF community from coffee intercropped with grevílea had results close to the RT, with a dry mass value (DMAP+RDM) of 4.31 g and phosphorus content of 7.60 g/kg-1. High species richness of AMF from the study areas was recovered after 80 days of cowpea cultivation

Effect of Adopting the Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) Concept on Some Fertility Properties of Calcareous Soil and Broccoli Yield

Noor AL-Deen Mohammed Muhawish — 2024-11-18

A Field Experiment was conducted to study the effect of adopting the Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) concept on some fertility properties of soil. The field trial for the 2023-2024 agricultural season was carried out in an agricultural field located in Al-Suwaira District, Wasit Governorate. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, based on a Split Plot Design system. The first factor included two types of soil amendments: Gypsum (G) and Sulfur (S). The second factor consisted of three levels of fertilization recommendations: 0% (F0), 100% (F1), and 125% (F2). The fertilization recommendation was as follows: 100 kg ha⁻¹ of N, 100 kg ha⁻¹ of P₂O₅, and 100 kg ha⁻¹ of K₂O. The third factor included three types of organic amendments: Green Manure (GM), Earthworm Castings (VC), and Organic Solution (JM).

The results indicated an increase in the total yield of broccoli plants, with an overall average of 22.63 tons ha⁻¹. It was also observed that the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil increased after harvest, with an average of 52.63, 29.02, and 119.09 mg kg soil⁻¹, respectively. The increase in fertilization levels resulted in a significant improvement in the studied traits. The highest average was recorded for the F2 treatment, with a total yield of 27.38 tons ha⁻¹ and nutrient concentrations of 58.63, 31.63, and 128.08 mg kg soil⁻¹ for N, P, and K, respectively. Additionally, the gypsum (G) amendment showed a significant superiority over sulfur (S) in all the studied traits. Regarding the type of organic material, the results indicated that the organic solution (JM) outperformed both earthworm castings (VC) and green manure (GM), showing the highest increase in the total yield, which reached 24 tons ha⁻¹. Furthermore, it gave the highest average values for N, P, and K, which were 54.25, 29.43, and 121.08 mg kg soil⁻¹, respectively.

Evaluation of The Effects of Thermal Processing Treatments on The Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Composition of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Seed Flours

Okechukwu, C.O. — 2024-11-15

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of thermal processing techniques on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flours. The pigeon pea seeds were sorted, cleaned and divided into five equal lots of 0.5kg each. Four lots of pigeon pea seeds were processed into blanched, boiled, roasted, and autoclaved pigeon pea flours, while the fifth lot was processed raw and used as control. The raw and thermally processed samples obtained were analysed for nutrient and antinutrient composition using standard methods. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the flours had a range of 8.61 - 11.46 % moisture, 21.13 - 23.94 % crude protein, 1.26 - 1.68 % fat, 5.12 – 6.10 % crude fibre, 1.74 – 2.97 % ash, 55.56 – 60.41 % carbohydrate and 333.45 - 342.75 kJ/100g energy, respectively. The mineral composition showed that the flours contained 86.24 – 144.72 mg/100g calcium, 137.80 – 170.33 mg/100g magnesium, 125.86 - 156.76 mg/100g potassium, 66.66 – 95.62 mg/100g sodium, 4.38 – 6.64 mg/100g iron and 130.27 – 178.29 mg/100g phosphorus, respectively. The vitamin content of the flours were 3.09 - 4.33 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 0.05 - 0.17 mg/100g thiamine, 0.03 - 0.21 mg/100g riboflavin, 0.13 - 0.28 mg/100g niacin, 3.21 - 6.25 mg/100g vitamin A and 1.10 - 2.70 mg/100g vitamin E, respectively. The antinutrient composition of the flours also showed that the levels of trypsin inhibitor, tannin, phytate, oxalate, saponin and haemagglutinin ranged from, 2.30 – 5.61 Tiu/mg, 0.81 – 1.5mg/100g, 1.12 - 4.18mg/100g, 0.48-4.01 mg/100g, 1.28 – 3.66 mg/100g and 1.30 – 7.44 Hiu/g, respectively. Therefore, the study showed that thermally processed pigeon pea flours could be used as nutrient dense ingredients in the preparation of a wide range of foods for children, adolescents and aged adults especially in developing countries where the problems of protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrients deficiencies are prevalent than the raw sample.

Effect of Bubbler Irrigation Interval on Yield and Water Productivity of Date Palm cv. Barhee under Khartoum State Conditions, Sudan

Ahmed B. A. Khalifa — 2024-11-12

The experiment was conducted in the private orchards at Tayba Alhasnab area of south Khartoum, Sudan during 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of bubbler irrigation interval on yield and water productivity of date palm under Khartoum State conditions. Five different bubbler irrigation intervals were applied at 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 days. Treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and each plot encompassed 3 trees. The results showed that higher yield and yield components were obtained with 5 days irrigation interval in both years. Moreover, bubbler irrigation interval every 5 days had highest values of water productivity and economic water productivity.

Moss Species Discovered in Absheron National Park

Elshada Chalabi Nuraddin — 2024-11-02

Detailed information is given on the distribution, ecology, botanical properties and uses of mosses studied in the Absheron National Park, in Azerbaijan and in the world. The types identified as a result of the study are shown and information about their relevance is given. The main objective of the study was to evaluate modern scientific knowledge about the biomorphological properties of 9 species of moss, its use in traditional and folk medicine, its properties, presence and their impact on various diseases. As a result of the study, Grimmia Hedw of the family Grimmiaceae Arnott. 6 species belonging to the genus (Grimmia unicolor Hook, Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm., Grimmia reflexidens Müll., Grimmia muehlenbeckii Schimp., Grimmia trichophylla Grev., Grimmia anomala Hampe.), Orthotrichum Hedw. of Orthotrichaceae Arnotta family. belonging to the genus, (Orthotrichum spesiosum Nees in Sturum, Orthotrichum strangulatum P. Beauv), Fontinalaceae Schimp. of the family Fontinalis Hedw. of the genus Fontinalis antipyritica Hedw. types have been discovered. As a result of scientific research, 9 species of moss were discovered. Of them: Grimmia muehlenbeckii Schimp. as a species is new to the bryoflora of Azerbaijan.

Effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Concentration and Soil Type on the Growth of Oil Palm (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) in Pre-Nursery

Ety Rosa Setyawati — 2024-11-01

The place of research was carried out at Educational and Research Garden of the STIPER Agricultural Institute which is located in Maguwoharjo Village, Depok District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research location is located 118 meters above sea level. This research was conducted between March to June 2024. Two components make up the factorial experiment used in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The soil type had three levels: A1 = latosol soil, A2 = regusol soil, and A3 = grumusol soil, was the first factor. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) concentration was the second factor. It was consisted into four levels: X1 was the control (NPK fertilizer), X2 was 150 ml per polybag, X3 was 300 ml per polybag, and X4 was 450 ml per polybag. So there were 12 treatment combinations (3 x 4 = 12) with 4 repetitions, so all the experiment 48 plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied at the significant level of 5% to check the observation data. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was then used at a noticeable 5% level if there was significant difference. The weight parameters of fresh roots and the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves are influenced by the interaction of the soil and POME concentration. The composition, regusol soil and POME 450 ml/polybag provide an optimal combination of treatments. The type of soil has an impact on the weight of fresh and dry crowns, the number of leaves, the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the volume of roots, and the height of the plant. The best type of soil is regusol soil. Plant height, root volume, fresh and dry crown weight, and leaf chlorophyll content are all affected by POME concentration. The concentration of POME 450 ml/polybag showed the best results.