Antibacterial Activity of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Fruit Peel Extract Against Escherichia coli

Authors

  • Erlin Dwi Cahyani Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Ida Munfarida Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Amrullah Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55677/ijlsar/V03I5Y2024-12

Keywords:

Ananas comosus, Antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Peel Extract

Abstract

Escherichia coli is generally considered a harmless bacterium, but numerous strains are well-known for causing diseases globally and frequently exhibit antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it's crucial to discover new natural products to combat these bacteria. Meanwhile, a significant amount of pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel ends up as waste. This study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit peel extract against E. coli. The preparation of pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel extract involves grinding, maceration with 96% ethanol, and evaporation. The phytochemical test was conducted to assess the presence of active compounds. Flavonoids were identified using Shinoda's test, tannins with Ferric Chloride, and saponins by detecting foaming development. Antibiotic analysis was carried out following the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. Disks soaked in Ananas comosus peel extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were placed on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar inoculated with an E. coli suspension. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyze differences between treatments. The phytochemical test results revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in pineapple peel extract. The highest inhibition zone, measuring 2.231 mm, was observed with 100% Ananas comosus peel extract. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the groups with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05). This suggests that pineapple peel extract could be useful in removing E. coli, rather than being discarded as waste. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the antibacterial mechanism.

References

Álvarez-Martínez, F.Z., Barrajón-Catalán, E., Herranz-López, M., and Micol, V. (2021). Antibacterial plant compounds, extracts and essential oils: An updated review on their effects and putative mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine. 90. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153626.

Ali, S., Khan, M.R., Irfanullah, Sajid, M., Zahra, Z. (2018). Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial appraisal of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Decne) Rehder. BMC Complement Altern Med. 18(1). 1-15. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2114-z.

Alizade, H., Hosseini Teshnizi, S., Azad, M., Shojae, S., Gouklani, H., Davoodian, P., and Ghanbarpour, R. (2019). An overview of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 24(1). 1-14. DOI: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_256_18.

Chabán, M.F., Karagianni, C., Joray, M.B., Toumpa, D., Sola, C., Crespo, M.I., Palacios, S.M., Athanassopoulos, C.M., and Carpinella, M.C. (2019). Antibacterial effects of extracts obtained from plants of Argentina: Bioguided isolation of compounds from the anti-infectious medicinal plant Lepechinia meyenii. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 239. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111930.

Chervy M, Barnich N., and Denizot J. (2020). Adherent-Invasive E. coli: Update on the Lifestyle of a Troublemaker in Crohn’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(10). 1-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103734.

Dong, S., Yang, X., Zhao, L., Zhang, F., Hou, Z., and Xue, P. (2020). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products. 149. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112350.

Elvers, K.T., Wilson, V.J., Hammond, A., Duncan, L., Huntley, A.L., Hay, A.D., Van der Werf, E.T. (2020). Antibiotic-induced changes in the human gut microbiota for the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in primary care in the UK: a systematic review. BMJ Open 10 (e035677). 1-24. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035677.

Fleckenstein, J.M., and Kuhlmann, F.M. (2019). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports 21 (9). 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-019-0665-x.

Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. Indonesia.

Hudzicki, J. (2016). Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. American Society for Microbiology. New York.

Kancherla, N., Dhakshinamoothi, A., Chitra, K., and Komaram, R.B. (2019). Preliminary Analysis of Phytoconstituents and Evaluation of Anthelminthic Property of Cayratia auriculata (In Vitro). Maedica (Bucur). 14(4). 350-356. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2019.14.4.350.

Kasote, D.M., Sharbidre, A.A., Kalyani, D.C., Nandre, V.S., Lee, J.H.J., Ahmad, A., and Telke, A.A. (2023). Propolis: A Natural Antibiotic to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. In: Wani, M.Y., Ahmad, A. (eds) Non-traditional Approaches to Combat Antimicrobial Drug Resistance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9167-7_12.

Liu, M., Feng, M., Yang, K., Cao, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, J., Hernández, S.H., Wei, X,, and Fan, M. (2020). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal antibacterial mechanism of astringent persimmon tannin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pork. Food Chem. 30 (309). 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125692.

Mala, T., Piayura, S., and Itthivadhanapong, P. (2024). Characterization of dried pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) peel powder and its application as a novel functional food ingredient in cracker products. Future Foods. 9. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100322.

Mazumder, D., Mittal, R., and Nath, S.K. (2024). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from waste Vigna mungo plant and evaluation of its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05375-x.

Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. Implementation Guideline for Government Regulation No. 66 of 2014 concerning Environmental Health. Indonesia.

Murray, J.M. (2017). One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.

Nurcholis, J., Saturu, B., Syaifuddin, and Buhaerah. (2020). Aplikasi pupuk organik cair limbah kulit nenas terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kacang panjang. Jurnal Agrisistem. 16 (2). 1-8.

Pallavali, R.R., Avula, S., Degati, V.L., Penubala, M., Damu, A.G., and Durbaka, V.R.P. (2019). Data of antibacterial activity of plant leaves crude extract on bacterial isolates of wound infections. Data in Brief. 24. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.103896.

Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P., and Gentry, T.J. (2015). Environmental Microbiology, Third Edition. Academic Press. United Stated. 152-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-05029-9.

Rinanda, T., Riani, C., Artarini, A., and Sasongko, L. (2023). Correlation between gut microbiota composition, enteric infections and linear growth impairment: a case–control study in childhood stunting in Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia. Gut Pathog 15 (54). 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00581-w.

Surendran, P., Lakshmanan, A., Priya, S.S., Geetha, P., Rameshkumar, P., Kannan, K., Hegde, T.A., and Vinitha, G. (2021). Fluorescent carbon quantum dots from Ananas comosus waste peels: A promising material for NLO behaviour, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 124. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108397.

Tanır Basaranoğlu, S., Karaaslan, A., Salı, E., Çiftçi, E., Aydın, Z.G.G., Kocabaş, B.A., Kaya, C., Bayturan, S.S., Kara, S.S., Çiftdoğan, D.Y., Çay, U., Aktürk, H.G., Çelik, M., Ozdemir, H., Somer, A., Diri, T., Yazar, A.S., Sütçü, M., Tezer, H., Oncel, E.K., Kara, M., Çelebi, S., Parlakay, A.O., Karakaşlılar, S., Arısoy, E.S., Tanır, G., Kara, T.T., Devrim, I., Erat, T., Aykaç, K., Kaba, O., Güven, S., Yeşil, E., Yılmaz, A.T., Durmuş, S.Y., Çağlar, I., Günay, F., Özen, M., Dinleyici, E.C., and Kara, A. (2023). Antibiotic associated diarrhea in outpatient pediatric antibiotic therapy. BMC Pediatr 23 (121). 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03939-w.

Wali, N. (2019). Chapter 3.34 - Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Editor(s): Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Ana Sanches Silva. Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Academic Press. United States. 367-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812491-8.00050-3.

Wei, M., Yu, H, Guo, Y., Cheng Y., Xie, Y., and Yao, W. (2021). Antibacterial activity of Sapindus saponins against microorganisms related to food hygiene and the synergistic action mode of Sapindoside A and B against Micrococcus luteus in vitro. Food Control. 130. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108337.

Zimmermann, Z., and Curtis, N. (2019). The effect of antibiotics on the composition of the intestinal microbiota - a systematic review. Journal of Infection 79 (6). 471-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2019.10.008.

Downloads

Published

2024-05-31

How to Cite

Cahyani, E. D. ., Munfarida, I. ., & Amrullah. (2024). Antibacterial Activity of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Fruit Peel Extract Against Escherichia coli. International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research, 3(5), 432–438. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijlsar/V03I5Y2024-12