Effect of anti-ethylene and cytokinin biostimulants on flowering and yield of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55677/ijlsar/V02I12Y2023-07Keywords:
Sweet potato, flowering, induction, anti-ethylene, cytokinin.Abstract
Breeding is needed to enhance the poor agronomic and qualitative attributes of the majority of sweetpotato cultivars grown in Nigeria. Even though the majority of cultivars don't often flower, the flowers are essential for genetic advancements. This study aimed to assess the effect of anti-ethylene (Silver-thiosulphate) and cytokinin (6-benzyladenine) biostimulants for induction of flowering and yield, to encourage early flowering of delayed sweetpotato genotype, and to ascertain the ideal concentration of growth regulators for sweetpotato flowering induction. A randomized complete block design with three replications was fitted with a 3x3x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor consisted of three different concentrations of two plant growth regulators (PGR): silver thiosulphate (STS) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0, 50, and 100 ppm). Three types of sweet potatoes (Umuspo3, Buttermilk, and Tis87) constituted the second factor. After planting, the BA and STS were administered three weeks later. The sweet potato varieties sprayed with STS and BA displayed morphological and physiological challenges, such as stem drooping (Temporal) (Page 1A), which recovered in 24 hours, root swelling, stem splitting, bud and flower production, vine branching, and elongation (Plate 1B). Varieties sprayed with high concentrations of STS (100 ppm) displayed significant morphological and physiological abnormalities, while those sprayed with BA displayed a significant increase in all growth metrics. However, two of the varieties Umuspo3 and Tis87 that were sprayed with STS and BA began buds and set flowers within two weeks after the treatment, whereas the plants that were not sprayed did not flower at all. The results of the interactions showed that the combination of benzyladenine + Umuspo3 at 100% (100T1V1) was superior for yield, whereas the combination of silver thiosulphate + Umuspo3 at 100% (100T2V1) was superior for the total number of flowers/plant. The vegetative growth parameters and the flowering characteristic exhibited a substantial positive connection (P<0.05), however the correlation between the vegetative growth traits and the yield traits was negative. As a result, the higher dosage of BA and STS (100 ppm) that was employed in this experiment is most likely quite near to the ideal concentration for sweet potato flower induction. Despite not being the ideal concentration, sweet potatoes can currently be induced to flower at this level, enabling the start of breeding programs for the crop.
References
An, L. V., Frankow-Lindberg, B. E. and Lindberg, J. E. (2003). Effect of Harvesting Interval and Defoliation on Yield and Chemical Composition of Leaves, Stems and Tubers of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.) plant parts. Field Crops Research 82(1): 49 – 58.
Ausín, I., Alonso-Blanco, C., Martínez, and Zapater, J. M., (2005). Environmental regulation of flowering. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 49: 689 - 705.
Avinash dhage, A., P. K., Nagre, K.K., Bhangre, and kumar, P., (2011). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield parameters of Okra. The Asian Journal of Horticulture. 6 (1): 170-172.
Banerjee, N.C., and Das, T.K., (1984). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and tuber
Brumbaugh, M.S., (2008). The effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of dwarf pea plants. Biology 100 Laboratory Manual. 6(3):79-81.
Chinalia, F. A., Regali-Seleghin, M. H., and Correa, E., (2007). thiosulphate and benzyladenine Toxicity: cause, effect and control. Terr. Aquat. Environ. Toxicol. 1: 24 - 33.
Ezeano, C. I., (2006). Trends in sweetpotato production, utilization, and marketing among households in Southeastern Nigeria. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Agricultural Extension, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Gasura, E, Mashingaidze, A. B., and Mukasa, S. B., (2008). Genetic variability for tuber yield, quality and virus disease complex traits in Uganda sweetpotato germplasm. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 16 (2): 147 - 160.
Gasura, E., and Mukasa, S. B., (2010). Prevalence and implications of sweetpotato recovery from sweetpotato virus disease in Uganda. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 18 (4): 195 - 205.
González, R. G., Sánchez, D. S., Campos, J. M., Vázquez, E. P., Guerra, Z. Z., Quesada, A. L., Valdivia, R. M., and González, M. G., (1999). Plant regeneration from leaf and stem explants from two sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) cultivars. Biotecnol. Aplic. 16, 1, 11 – 14.
Grossmann, K., (2007). Auxin Herbicide Action: Lifting the veil step by step. Plant Signal. Behav. 2: 421 - 425.
Grossmann, K., (2010). Auxin herbicides: Current status of mechanism and mode of action. Pest Manag. Sci. 66:113-120.
Grüneberg, W. J., Mwanga, R., Andrade, M., and Espinoza, J., (2009). Selection methods part 5: Breeding clonally propagated crops, in: Plant Breeding and Farmer Participation. International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. pp. 27 5 - 322.
Hill, W. A., and Bonsi, C. K., (1992). Sweetpotato technology for the 21st Century. International Information System for theAgricultural Science and Technology, Volume 24, pp 13 – 18.
Huamán, Z., (1999). Sweetpotato germplasm management training manual. International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru..
Hyde, P., Abreu, V., and Setter, T., (2016). Anti-ethylene growth regulator treatment enhances flower set in cassava. World Congress on Root and Tuber Crops, GCP21-III and ISTRC, Nanning, China. S11-03
Karaguzel, O., Alian. S., Doran, I., and Sogut, Z., (1999). Improvement of gladiolus by growth regulator and nutrient management. J. Japanese Soc. Hort. Sci. 68: 168-175.
Lohmann, J. U., and Weigel, D. (2002). Building beauty: The genetic control of floral patterning. Dev. Cell 2: 135 - 142.
Mahesh and Sen, N.L. 2005. Effect of zinc, boron, gibberellic acid on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The Orissa Journal of Horticulture. 33 (2):46-47.
Mohamad, Zahari, N. I., Karuppan, J., Shaari, E. S., Mohamad, K., Othman, R., and Yaacob, Y. (2016). Quality attributes of different purple sweetpotato variety and sensory evaluation of purple sweetpotato straight drink. In: Yacob N., Mohamed M., Megat Hanafiah M. (eds) Regional conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences. Springer, Singapore.
Mwanga, R. O. M., Niringiye, C., Lemaga, B., Kapinga, R., Yencho, G. C., and Odongo, B. (2007). Breeding efforts to develop high-yielding, multiple pest-resistant sweetpotato germplasm in Uganda, in: Proceedings of the 13th ISTRC Symposium. International Potato Center (CIP), Arusha,Tanzania. p.12.
Obi, I. U., (2002). Statistical method for detecting differences between treatments Means and Research Methodology in Nigeria, 116 pp.
Olorunnisomo, O. A., (2007). Yield and quality of sweet potato forage pruned at different intervals for West African dwarf sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 19 (3): 36. [http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/3/olor19036 .htm] site visted on 15/10/2015.
Ricard, D., Lardizabal, G. Thompson and Paul. 1990. Growth regulators combined with grafting increase flower number and seed production in sweet Potato. Hortscience. 25(1):79-81.
Serek, M., E.J. Woltering, E.C.S., Sisler, S., Frello, and Sriskandarajah. S., (2006). Controlling ethylene responses in flowers at the receptor level. Biotech. Adv. 24：368-381.
Spore, (2013). Sweetpotato: An amazing tuber. The magazine for agricultural and rural development in ACP countries. http://spore.cta.int.No 165 p. 20 August - September.
Sujatha, A. I., Nair, V., Singh, T.V., and Sharma, R.S., (2002). Effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality of gerbera under Bay Island conditions. Indian J. Hort. 59 (1): 100-105.
Tan, F. C., and Swain, S. M., (2006). Genetics of flower initiation and development in annual and perennial plants. Physiol. Plant.128: 8 - 17.
Tumuhimbise, G. A., Namutebi, A., and Muyonga, J. H., (2009). Microstructure and in vitro beta carotene bioaccessibility of heat processed orange fleshed sweetpotato. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 64: 312 - 318.
Tumwegamire, S., Kapinga, R., Rubaihayo, P. R., LaBonte, D. R., Grüneberg, W. J., Burgos, G., Zum Felde, T., Caprio, R., Pawelzik, E., and Mwanga, R. O. M., (2011). Evaluation of dry matter, protein, starch, sucrose, ß-carotene, iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium in East African sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) germplasm. Hort. Sci. 46 (3): 348 – 357.
Turner, T., and Burri, B., (2001). Orange sweetpotatoes are an excellent source of vitamin Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech 22: 14 - 16.
USDA, (2007). USDA National nutrient database for standard reference, release 20. http://www.nal.usda.gov./fnic/foodcomp/search
Vijay Kumar and Ray, N. 2000. Effect of plant growth regulators on cauliflower Cv. Pant subhra. Orissa Journal of Horticulture. 28(1): 65-67.
Wada, K, and Takeno K (2010). Stress-induced flowering. Plant Signal. Behav. 5: 944 - 947.
Wu X., Sun C., Yang L., Zeng G., and Liu Z.., (2008). ß-carotene content in sweetpotato varieties from China and the effect of preparation on ß-carotene retention in the Yanshu. Innov Food Sci & Emerg Technol 9: 581 - 586
Zuraida, N. (2003). Sweetpotato as an alternative food supplement during rice storage. J. Litbang Pertanian 22 (4): 150 – 155.
