Evaluation of Nutritive Value of Pleurotus tuber-regium Biodegraded Maize Cob using in Vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Characteristics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55677/ijlsar/V03I7Y2024-17Keywords:
Agro by-products, maize cobs, biodegradation, in vitro digestibility, Pleurotus tuber-regium, ruminant feeding.Abstract
This study investigated the nutritive value of Pleurotus tuber-regium biodegraded maize cob using in vitro gas production and fermentation characteristics. Pleurotus tuber-regium degraded maize cob (PTRMC) was used to formulate four experimental diets (D1, D2, D3, and D4) at 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% inclusion levels in a completely randomized design. The chemical, mineral, and phytochemical compositions of the diets were analyzed. To determine the in vitro gas generation and fermentation characteristics of the diets, they were incubated for 24 hours (0, 3, 6, 9,... to 24 h) in three replicates, with incubations repeated twice to make six replicates per treatment. The results of the study revealed that increasing PTRMC levels in the diets significantly (p<0.05) improved the feed's nutritional profile. Crude protein content significantly (p<0.05) increased with an increase in PTRMC, with D3 and D4 being significantly (p<0.05) higher than D1 and D2. Conversely, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased (p<0.05) significantly with an increase PTRMC levels in the diets. Mineral content significantly (p<0.05) improved with increasing PTRMC. The phytochemical contents were observed to significantly (p<0.05) decrease with an increase in PTRMC in the diets. The in vitro digestibility results of diets D3 and D4 were significantly (p<0.05) improved, and the methane production was reduced (p<0.05) significantly with the increase in PTRMC in the diets. In vitro gas production, short-chain fatty acids, organic matter digestibility, and in vitro dry matter digestibility increased (p<0.05) significantly with higher PTRMC levels in the diets, suggesting enhanced rumen fermentation and energy availability. Overall, this study highlights the potential of PTRMC as alternative feedstuff to improve ruminant animal feed quality and digestibility.
References
Akinfemi, A. (2010). Nutritive value and in vitro gas production of fungal treated maize cobs. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 10(8).
Akinfemi, A. (2011). Fungal-degraded maize by-products as feed for West African Dwarf ram (Doctoral dissertation).
AOAC, (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Official Methods of Analysis. 6th Edition. Washington DC, USA
ARC (1980). The nutrient requirement of ruminant livestock. CABI. Farnham Royal, U.K
Babayemi, O.J and. Bamikole, M.A. (2006). Effect of Tephrosia candida DC leaf and its mixtures with Guinea grass on in vitro fermentation changes as feed for ruminants in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5(1): 14-18.
Babayemi, O. J. (2007). In vitro fermentation characteristics and acceptability by West African dwarf goats of some dry season forages. Afri. J. Biotechnol. 2007;6(10): 1260-1265
Bergman, E. N. (1990). Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiology Review, 70, 567-590.
Brown VE, Rymer C, Agnew RE, Givens DI (2002). Relationship between in vitro gas production profiles of forages and in vivo rumen fermentation patterns in beef steers fed those forages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 98(1-2):13-24.
Duque-Acevedo, M., Belmonte-Urena, L. J., Cortes-García, F. J. and Camacho-Ferre, F. (2020). Agricultural waste: Review of the evolution, approaches and perspectives on alternative uses. Glob Ecol. 22:e00902
Fasiku, S. A. (2021). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates by Pleurotus and lentinus species for production of bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Doctoral dissertation).
Fievez, V., Babayemi, O.J. and Demeyer, D. (2005). Estimation of direct and indirect gas production in syringes: a tool to estimate short chain fatty acid production requiring minimal laboratory facilities. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123 (1): 197- 210.
Getachew, G., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. (1999). Stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acids and in vitro gas production in presence and polythyleneglycol for tannin containing browses. EAAP satellite symposium.
Gizzi G, Zanchi R, Sciaraffia F (1998). Comparison of microbiological and fermentation parameters obtained with an improved rumen in vitro technique with those obtained in vivo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 73(3-4):291-305
Jiwuba, P.C., Jiwuba, L.C., Akazue, R.C., Okoye, L. E. and Ikwunze, K. (2022). Nutritional, In vitro gas production and fermentation characteristics of Pleurotus tuber-regium degraded cassava root sievate based diets for goat. N igerian J. Anim. Sci. 24 (3): 218-227.
Koura, B. I. (2015). Adaptation of periurban cattle production systems to environmentalchanges: Feeding strategies of herdsmen in Southern Benin. Agroecol. Sust. Food. 39:83-98.
Mahesh, M.S. (2012). Fungal bioremediation of wheat straw to improve the nutritive value and its effect on methane production in ruminants. MVSc thesis submitted to National Dairy Research institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, India.
Makar, H. P. S. (2004). Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. FAO animal production and health paper, 55-88.
McAllister, T.A., Hristov, A.N., Beauchemin, K.A., Rode, L.M., Cheng KJ. Enzymes in ruminant diets. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Department of Animal Science, University of British Columbia, Lethbridge, Canada, 2003.
McDowell, L.R. (1985). Nutrient requirement of ruminant. In L.R. McDowell (ed.) Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in warm climates. Academic Press, London pp 21 – 34.
Menke, K. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value from chemical analysis and in vitro production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.
Menke, K. H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., & Schneider, W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 93(1), 217-222.
Mohamed, R. and Chaudhry, A. S. (2008). Methods to study degradation of ruminant feeds. Cambridge University Press Online.
Nehring, K. and Haelien, G.W.F. (1973). Feed evaluation and calculation based on net energy. Journal of Animal Science, 36(5): 949 – 963.
Norton, B.W.B., Lowry, C. and Sweeney, M.C. (1994). The nutritive value of Leucaena specie. Paper presented at Int’l. Workshop on Leucaena. R.D. Bogor, Indonesia. 20-29 January 1994.
National Research Council (US). Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids.
Pendey, A. (2003)Solid-State fermentation, Biochemical Engineering Journal. 13(str.):8l-84.
Rakita, S., Banjac, V., Djuragic, O., Cheli, F. and Pinotti, L. (2021). Soybean molasses in animal nutrition. Animals. 11(2):514
Sallam, A. Z. M., Robinson, P. H., ElAdawy, M. M. and Hassan, A. A. (2007). In vitro fermentation and microbial protein synthesis of some browse tree leaves with or without addition of polyethylene glycol. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 38, 318–330.
SAS. (2008). Statistical Analytical Systems, 9.4 for Windows x64 Based Systems. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC 27513, USA.
Shrivastava, B, Jain, KK, Kalra A, and Kuhad, R. C. (2014). Bioprocessing of wheat straw into nutritionally rich and digested cattle feed. Scientific Reports, 4:6360.
Soccol, C. R. and Vandenberghe, L.P.S. (2003). Overview of applied solid-state fermentation in Brazil. Biochemical Engineering Journal. Volume 13, Issues 2–3, Pages 205-218
Steele, M. (2006). Goats. CTAMacmillan Publishing Ltd., London and Basingstoke. (152)
Sujani, S. and Seresinhe, T. T. (2015). Exogenous enzymes in ruminant nutrition: A review. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 9 (3): 85-99, ISSN 1819-1878 / DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2015.85.99
Tedeschi, L. O., Muir, J. P., Naumann, H. D., Norris, A. B., Ramírez-Restrepo, C. A., and Mertens-Talcott, S. U. (2021). Nutritional aspects of ecologically relevant phytochemicals in ruminant production. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 628445.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods of dietary fibre, neutral detergent and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92: 499-503
Villalba, J. J., Costes-Thiré, M., and Ginane, C. (2017). Phytochemicals in animal health: diet selection and trade-offs between costs and benefits. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(2), 113-121.
Yilkal, T. (2015). Role of white rot fungi as a biological treatment of low-quality animal feeds. Sch. J. Agric. Sci, 5(7), 247-255.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
